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            *Without zero, modern electronics wouldn’t exist. Without zero, there’s no calculus, which means no modern engineering or automation*. Without zero, much of our modern world literally falls apart.

Humanity’s discovery of zero was “a total game changer … equivalent to us learning language,” says Andreas Nieder, a cognitive scientist at the University of Tübingen in Germany.

*But for the vast majority of our history, humans didn’t understand the number zero . It’s not innate in us . We had to invent it. And we have to keep teaching it to the next generation.*

Other animals, like *monkeys, have evolved to understand the rudimentary concept of nothing*. And scientists just reported that even tiny bee brains can compute zero.   But it’s only humans that have seized zero and forged it into a tool. So let’s not take zero for granted. *Let us see  how numbers have evolved from ZERO*

*Imagine a box with nothing in it. Mathematicians call this empty box “*the empty set.” It’s a physical representation of zero*. What’s inside the empty box? Nothing.

Now take another empty box, and place it in the first one.

How many things are in the first box now?

There’s one object in it. Then, put another empty box inside the first two. How many objects does it contain now? Two. And that’s how “we derive all the counting numbers from zero … from nothing.

Development in India “* We are of the view that in ancient India are found numerous so-called cultural antecedents’ that make it plausible that the mathematical zero digit was invented there*,” said Gobets, secretary and leading member of Project Zero. Project Zero is an organization composed of academics and graduate students who study the development of zero  in India*.

*The first modern equivalent of numeral zero comes from a Hindu astronomer and mathematician Brahmagupta in 628*. His symbol to depict the numeral was a *dot underneath a number*. He also wrote standard rules for reaching zero through addition and subtraction and the results of operations that include the digit. A circle inscribed on a temple wall in Gwalior, India, dates back to the ninth century. According to the University of Oxford, this is the oldest recorded example of zero. The numeral can also be seen on an ancient Indian scroll called the Bhakehali Manuscript. Discovered in 1881, the scroll was assumed to have been a contemporary of the temple in Gwalior, but modern carbon dating reveals its origin in the third or fourth century. Thus, many scientists opine that ndia discovered zero.

After its development in India*, zero would be taken back by the Arabian voyagers to their cities and towns. Eventually, the number would reach Baghdad by 773 AD. In the ninth century, A Persian mathematician, Mohammed ibn-Musa al-Khowarizmi, worked on equations that equaled zero. Thus, Algebra was invented. He also developed quick methods for multiplying and dividing numbers, known as algorithms. Al-Khwarizmi referred to zero as ‘sifr,’ from which our word cipher is derived. By 879 Ad, the dot had transformed and taken an oval shape that closely resembled the modern zero number.

When the Moorish conquest of Spain happened in the middle of the twelfth century, Al-Khowarizmi’s work translations finally made their way to England. *Italian mathematician Fibonacci developed the number further by using it to do equations without an abacus. By the 1600s, zero had spread widely throughout Europe.

It was fundamental in Rene Descartes’ Cartesian coordinate system and in calculus, developed independently by Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Later, calculus paved the way for physics, engineering, computers, and most modern financial and economic theories.

*Cognitive bias is a form of thinking that appears to be erroneously based on logical and rational reasoning, leading to incorrect analysis and judgments*.

These shortcuts of the mind are mostly unconscious and systematic. Thus, although we can act on them after the fact, we cannot prevent the brain from producing them. The best way to counteract them is first to be aware that they exist, then to know how our three systems of thought work. Out of the 250 or so cognitive biases known to date the *following  three formidable ones deserves special attention in education*

1. *Bias blind spot*

The blind spot evokes the visual partiality, we all have an area of our retina which  is devoid of photoreceptors, therefore blind, and it is our brain that completes the missing visual portion.

While evaluating  our own perceptions, we tend to give *more credit to the information that comes from our thoughts than from our actions*

. In contrast, *we do the opposite when we judge others* ,  *giving more importance to their actions than to their thoughts*, even if we know the latter.This phenomenon called the “*illusion of introspection*”

In an educational context, the bias blind spot can cause a teacher to behave towards learners in a way that is consistent with specific preconceived ideas that he or she knows to be wrong and would not apply to him or her

Every one  probably have an idea of what a positive mindset or positive attitude is ?

“Positive thinking is a mental and emotional *attitude that focuses on the bright side of life and expects positive results* .”

Another, more comprehensive definition comes from Kendra Cherry at Very Well Mind (2017B):

* Positive thinking actually means approaching life’s challenges with a positive outlook*. It does not necessarily mean avoiding or ignoring the bad things; instead, *it involves making the most of the potentially bad situations, trying to see the best in other people, and viewing yourself and your abilities in a positive light* .”

We can extrapolate from these definitions and come up with a good description of a *positive mindset as the tendency to focus* *on the bright side, expect positive results, and approach* challenges with a positive outlook* .

*Having a positive mindset means making positive thinking a habit*, *continually searching for the silver lining and making the best out of* any situation you find yourself in*

*A positive mindset is essential in the classroom* because The positive thinking basically *assists students to feel more relaxed and happier, which transform to makes it easier to focus on tasks and grasp new knowledge*. … If the students cannot learn the way teachers taught them, so it’s essential; for teachers to teach the way they love to learn.03-Jun-2020 *the positive mindset towards learning has the prospective to boost the function’s mind’s memory*.

Some times at school we may  feel a burden to students as *students have so much homework, sports, and other activities. Because of this, students have many negative thoughts* in their minds. It keeps students away from executing goals and also blocks them from moving forward in life. Whether it is developing, learning, or acquiring happiness, negative thoughts block each and everything in a student’s life.

But the question arises on *how to maintain a positive mindset in the classroom*? For this, *the teachers and even parents both can play a massive role in teaching students how to think positively. In the classroom*,

Positive thinking has several mental, emotional, and physical and benefits. Along with this, the positive attitude can assist students in coping with stress, enhance student’s overall wellbeing, and even boost their immune system. The studies also have shown that positive thinking can influence a student’s capability to solve problems and learn new things. The positive thinking basically assists students to feel more relaxed and happier, which transform to makes it easier to focus on tasks and grasp new knowledge.

*Parents can help in maintaining A Positive Mindset In The Classroom:

1. Manage Stress

When children are feeling stressed or anxious, then it becomes difficult to maintain a positive mindset in the classroom.

2. Set their Own Learning Goals

 Setting clear learning objectives and then tracking the progression towards them is one of the finest ways to enlarge achievements and enhance stimulation.

3. Push themselves  To Do More Each Day

The positive mindset means believing in yourself and your capabilities. To maintain a positive mindset, it’s essential to do more work today than you did yesterday.

4. Surround them With Positive People

If you want to maintain a positive mindset in the classroom, then the surrounding also matters a lot. The surrounding that you keep also has a massive impact on your attitude.

5.tell them that *Learn From Your Mistakes*

For a positive mindset, it’s essential to learn from your mistakes. The mistakes are not only avoidable, however, but they are also really essential in terms of learning new things.

Maintain a positive mindset all the time is may be difficult for students; even all of us, however, it doesn’t mean we should not try harder to maintain a positive attitude.

6.*Loving Kindness Meditation*

Dr. Barbara Fredrickson found that just six weeks of training in a form of meditation focused on kindness and compassion resulted in increased positive emotions, 

“May you feel safe. May you feel happy. May you feel healthy. May you live with ease.”

7.*Helping Others*

Helping others is obviously beneficial to other people, but it will also enhance your child’s own positive feelings and attitude.

8.*Recording Daily Awe Moments*

Dr. Fredrickson explains that positive thinking can stem from recognizing and appreciating small moments of happiness and beauty. These simple moments can include laughter, a hug, a beautiful sunset, 

9.*Setting and Achieving Goals*

goal-setting helps people become more optimistic, positive thinkers with a greater sense of well-being.

To help your child achieve goals and develop more long-term positive thinking, try using Dr. Oettiengen’s *WOOP strategy*

*W*ish* – Help your child come up with a goal she would really like to accomplish.

*O*utcome – Engage your child in visualizing the best outcome that could result from accomplishing this goal.

*O*bstacle – Take wishing and visualizing a practical step further by generating a list of obstacles that could prevent your child from reaching the goal..

*P*lan – Finally, make a plan for dealing with these obstacles

*Anyone who’s ever struggled with a difficult class in high school has asked the question, “Will I ever actually use this stuff after I graduate* ?”

*After graduation, students probably won’t dissect a frog or need to remember what E stands for in E=mc² on a daily basis* . But one thing’s for sure: *They will need to know how to handle money wisely*—and the sooner the better!

*That’s why OUR HASTI SCHOOL  has plan to teach financial literacy in school*.

Though It is widely believed that *it is the parents’ responsibility to teach the value of money to children*. That schools should only stick to academics. 

But Nothing could be farther from the truth. Schools can do & contribute  to teach the value of money to children. 

*Parents try to satisfy all desires of children and the school becomes a place of financial competition instead of financial education*. However, that need not be the case.

 Let’s change the course and understand what and how HASTI SCHOOL IS going to teach  easily and effectively the ways to save and spend money wisely.

1. *To Use already existing subjects*:  

Since pre-school, children learn addition and subtraction in Mathematics, yet they are not introduced to the concept of money. We believe that Teachers should give them the elementary knowledge of how currency is grouped into notes and coins, and how they vary in terms of valuation. 

We plan to  refer to the subject of Economics and work out a simple way of teaching how resources are finite and priced in terms of money. When it comes to History, we can also teach how barter system was used to exchange goods and services. 

These subjects are already there but they are not being used intelligently.

2. *To Involve children in playful activities*: 

Board games such as ‘Monopoly’, ‘The Game of Life’, ‘Time and Money’, etc we intend to  involve children in a crash course on saving money. We have plans to ask  students to submit project work on money and related concepts to understand how money works while doing  the project. 

*Explaining the need to save a limited resource such as money, we will  urge students to keep piggy banks*. The colourful and positive approach of a piggy bank gives the simplest and most effective lesson of banking. It drives at least very small  children to save more to get a lot of money in return, sooner.at primary ,middle and high school *STUDENTS BANK* ‘ would be very effective .

3. *To Design innovative project work*: 

We intend to convert chits of paper into fake notes and can arrange for a transaction role-played among students. *The aptitude of each student is tested and once the class understands the concept well, the teacher can modify the role play into an exchange  between an earning person and a bank.* 

We intend to take finance education to the next level by having a bank-like facility inside our   premises. *These facilities have infrastructure similar to real banks and give hands-on training about banking methods to interested children*.

4. *To Teach financial literacy systematically*: 

Financial literacy to be introduced early.we  can come up with simple hypotheses to teach children what credit and collateral means. We intend to  arrange an exciting role play among  multiple students in which one becomes the customer, who has to choose among sellers of different products. 

Children having limited dummy currencies, and thus understand the value of money when they observe that they can’t buy all they want to and that they have got to choose.*(MARKET DAY)*

5

THROUGH Financial literacy classes  we intend to teach students the basics of money management: budgeting, saving, debt, investing, giving and more. That knowledge lays a foundation for students to build strong money habits early on and avoid many of the mistakes that lead to lifelong money struggles.

*HOWEVER *PARENTS CAN TEACH THEIR WARDS* THE FINANCIAL LITERECY BY FOLLOWING*

How  to Teach Pre-Schoolers and Kindergartners About Money

1. *Use a clear jar to save*.

The piggy bank is a great idea, but it doesn’t give kids a visual. When you use a clear jar, they see the money growing. Yesterday

2. Set an example.

*A study by the University of Cambridge found that money habits in children are formed by the time they’re 7 years old*.

3. Show them that stuff costs money.

You’ve got to do more than just say, “That pack of toy cars costs Rs 200, son.” Help them grab a few notes  out of their jar, take it with them to the store, and physically hand the money to the cashier. This simple action will have more impact than a five-minute lecture.

*How to Teach Elementary Students and Middle Schoolers About Money*

4. *Show opportunity cost*.

That’s just another way of saying, “If you buy this video game, then you won’t have the money to buy that pair of shoes.” At this age, your kids should be able to weigh decisions and understand the possible outcomes.

5. *Give commissions, not allowances*.

Don’t just give your kids money for breathing. Pay them commissions based on chores they do around the house like taking out the trash, cleaning their room,etc   Smart Money Smart Kids. This concept helps your kids understand that *money is earned*—it’s *not just given to them*.

6. *Avoid impulse buys*.

“Mom, I just found this cute dress. It’s perfect and I love it! Can we buy it please?” Does this sound familiar? This age group really knows how to capitalize on the impulse buy—especially when it uses someone else’s money.

7. *Stress the importance of giving*.

Once they start making a little money, be sure you teach them about giving. They can pick a charity or even someone they know who needs a little help. Eventually, they’ll see how giving doesn’t just affect the people they give to, but the giver as well.

*How to Teach Teenagers About Money*

8. *Teach them contentment*.

Contentment starts in the heart. Let your teen know that their cycle,car etc.(although not the newest  is still running well enough to get them from point A to point B.

9. *Give them the responsibility of a bank account.*

By the time your kid’s a teenager, you should be able to set them up with a simple bank account if you’ve been doing some of the above along the way. This takes money management to the next level,

10. *Get them saving for college.

There’s no time like the present to have your teen start saving for college.

11. *Teach them to steer clear of student loans*.

Before your teen ever applies to college, you need to sit down and have the talk—the “how are we going to pay for college” talk. Let your teen know that student loans aren’t an option to fund their education. Talk through all the alternatives out there, like going to community college, going to an in-state university  and applying for scholarships now.

12. *Teach them the danger of credit cards*.

As soon as your kid turns 18, they’ll get hounded by credit card offers—especially once they’re in college. If you haven’t taught them why debt is a bad idea, they’ll become yet another credit card victim.

13. *Get them on a simple budget*.

Since your teen is glued to their mobile device anyway, get them active on our simple budgeting app, Now is the time to get your teen in the habit of budgeting their income

14. *Introduce them to the magic of compound interest*.

Compound interest is a magical thing! Introduce your teen to it at an early age, and they’ll get a head start on preparing for their future.

15. *Help them figure out how to make money*.

When you think about it, teenagers have plenty of free time summer break, winter break, spr. If your teen wants some money (and what teen doesn’t?), then help them find a job. Better yet, *help them become an entrepreneur* !

*With the collaboration and cooperation of parents Hasti School is sure to introduce* FINANCIAL LITERECY AT EARLIEST

“*Are you listening to me*?” This question is often asked because the teachers /speaker think  the listener is nodding off or daydreaming.

 *We sometimes think that listening means we only have to sit back, stay barely awake, and let a speaker’s words wash over us*. listening is often understood as a “passive” activity. More recently, O, the Oprah Magazine featured a cover article with the title, “*How to Talk So People Really Listen*

Four Ways to Make Yourself Heard.” This title leads us to expect a list of ways to leave the listening to others and insist that they do so, but the article contains a surprise ending. The final piece of advice is this: “*You can’t go wrong by showing interest in what other people say and making them feel important* .

 *In other words, the better you listen, the more you’ll be listened*

*You may have heard the adage, “We have two ears but only one mouth”—an easy way to remember that listening can be twice as important as talking. *As a student, you most likely spend many hours in a classroom doing a large amount of focused listening, yet sometimes it is difficult to apply those efforts to communication in other areas of your life*

4.1 Listening vs. Hearing

*Hearing is an accidental and automatic brain response to sound that requires no effort*. We are surrounded by sounds most of the time. For example, we are accustomed to the sounds of airplanes, lawn mowers, furnace blowers, the rattling of pots and pans, and so on. We hear those incidental sounds and, unless we have a reason to do otherwise, we train ourselves to ignore them. We learn to filter out sounds that mean little to us, just as we choose to hear our ringing cell phones and other sounds that are more important to us.

*students who develop better listening skills are more likely to feel confident, comfortable, and prepared to succeed in school*.

The *importance of active listening also branches into social-emotional development.Improved relationship skills*. Stronger sense of empathy.

*students with strong listening skills don’t just retain more information, but they are also less likely to feel unprepared and frustrated* Additionally, *improved listening skills can lead to improved self-efficacy, or a student’s belief that they can succeed in class*

*This means that students who develop better listening skills are more likely to feel confident, comfortable, and prepared to succeed in school*.

*Learning how to listen can also teach students how to communicate their ideas*

*This is because students who listen pick up more knowledge to reflect on and think critically about before they respond*. Plus, for dual language learners in your class, learning how to listen can help students pick up their second language faster.[6]

*Teaching students listening skills leads to lasting advantages in a student’s academic career and beyond*, including:

• Greater ability to communicate
• Faster second language acquisition
• Lower levels of frustration, anxiety, and depression
• Improved relationship skills
• Stronger sense of empathy

*How to Help Students Develop Stronger Active Listening Skills*

*On average, people listen at about 25% of their potential*& in the classroom, teachers often understand that listening is an important skill to have but rarely teach it Clearly, teaching students how to be active listener should be a part of our class curriculum.

Active listening is easiest when there are fewer distractions. Try to limit the number of distracting decorations in your classroom, such as too many posters or large, very bright items. This will not only be helpful for your classroom as a whole but also students with disorders that act as a barrier to active listening and focus, like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

If you have students who struggle to listen in class, multisensory learning and curricula  can be helpful. *Multisensory learning involves any activity that engages two or more of the senses (such as sight, hearing, or smell). You could, for example, *sing a song to teach students the names of the solar system* planets or have students draw a scene from a book as you read it in class.As you engage several of your students’ senses, they will be better able to listen and comprehend class materials.

And finally, lead by example. Provide students with an opportunity to model active listening skills by holding regular classroom meetings. The subject of these meetings (anything from class policies to recent academic topics) doesn’t matter so much as the structure. Remind students to practice their active listening skills and focus less on making their opinion

INSTEAD OF HEARING DO LISTEN

-2-1 STRATAGE TO HELP CHILDREN RETAIN WHAT YOU HAVE TAUGHT

We teachers make all out efforts to help  children retain what we  taught

One  might be using  some of the following strategies  .

1.Pair share                   2.Exit slip Exit Slips                  3.Jigsawing       4.Sentence stem-based response

5.Write around              6.Prezi                                                  7.Layered text               8.Sketch Sketch

Vlog

Tweet 

Podcast 

Collage

 The one which I have used  successfully is 3-2-1  technique it can be applied from std I to XII  *very effective  stratagy

 The 3-2-1 strategy is simply a format that can frame–well, really anything.

For Critical Thinking

You get the idea. It’s just a simple way to frame a topic or task, making it seem accessible and ‘quick.’ For teachers, this means the possibility of higher student engagement and more possible uses in your classroom, from journal or discussion prompts to assessment forms or exit slips.

The most common use of 3-2-1

It doesn’t even have to be about teaching and learning. You might ask someone to name…

3 of your favorite genres of music, 2 of your favorite songs, and 1 pattern you noticed making that list of genres and songs

3 cities you’ve visited, 2 of your favorite memories of those 3 cities, and 1 place you’d like to go next

3 causes of pollution, 2 solutions that could help address those causes, and 1 thing a person can do every day to help immediately/have an immediate effect

More detail in my next blog

Please feel free to give feed back…

-2-1 STRATAGE TO HELP CHILDREN RETAIN WHAT YOU HAVE
TAUGHT

We teachers make all out efforts to help  children retain what we  taught

One  might be
using  some of the following
strategies  .

1.Pair share                   2.Exit
slip Exit Slips                  3.Jigsawing       4.Sentence
stem-based response

5.Write around              6.Prezi                                                  7.Layered
text               8.Sketch
Sketch

Vlog

Tweet 

Podcast 

Collage

 The one which I
have used  successfully is 3-2-1  technique it can be applied from std I to
XII  *very effective  stratagy

 The 3-2-1
strategy is simply a format that can frame–well, really anything.

For Critical Thinking

You get the idea. It’s just a simple way to frame a
topic or task, making it seem accessible and ‘quick.’ For teachers, this means
the possibility of higher student engagement and more possible uses in your
classroom, from journal or discussion prompts to assessment forms or exit
slips.

The most common use of 3-2-1

It doesn’t even have to be about teaching and
learning. You might ask someone to name…

3 of your favorite genres of music, 2 of your favorite
songs, and 1 pattern you noticed making that list of genres and songs

3 cities you’ve visited, 2 of your favorite memories
of those 3 cities, and 1 place you’d like to go next

3 causes of pollution, 2 solutions that could help
address those causes, and 1 thing a person can do every day to help
immediately/have an immediate effect

More detail in my next blog

Please feel free to give feed back…